ABํ˜•

๋คํ”„๋ฒ„์ „ :

๋ถ„๋ฅ˜




1. ๊ฐœ์š”
2. ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ
3. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„ ABํ˜• ๋น„์ค‘ ๋ชฉ๋ก



1. ๊ฐœ์š”[ํŽธ์ง‘]


๐Ÿ†Ž
ABO์‹ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜. ํ•ญ์ฒด๋Š” ์—†๊ณ , Aํ˜• ํ•ญ์›๊ณผ Bํ˜• ํ•ญ์›์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Aํ˜•-Bํ˜•, Aํ˜•-ABํ˜•, Bํ˜•-ABํ˜•, ABํ˜•-ABํ˜•์ด ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด ABํ˜• ์ž๋…€๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค. ABO์‹ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” A, B, O ์„ธ ์ธ์ž ์ค‘ A์™€ B ์ธ์ž๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋™๊ธ‰์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 9๋ฒˆ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด์ƒ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์šฐ์—ด๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋‘ ์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ ‘ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์–‘์ชฝ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์€ ABO์‹ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜ํŒŒ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋‚˜๋งˆ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์ชฝ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ถ„ํฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” Aํ˜•๊ณผ Bํ˜•์ด ํ•œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜์šฐ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ABํ˜•์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€(10~15%) ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด๋‚˜ ์„œ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 3~5%๋งŒ์ด ABํ˜•์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„์กดํ•˜๋Š” ABO์‹ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์นด๋ฅผ ๋ž€ํŠธ์Šˆํƒ€์ด๋„ˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ž€ํŠธ์Šˆํƒ€์ด๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ 2๋ช…์ด Oํ˜•, Aํ˜•์ด 3๋ช…, Bํ˜•์ด 1๋ช…์ด๊ณ  ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ABํ˜• ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ ABํ˜• ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ํ•œ๋ชซํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Aํ˜•(AA)๊ณผ Bํ˜•(BB) ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ž์‹์€ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์ƒ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ABํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, Aํ˜•(AO)๊ณผ Bํ˜•(BO) ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์˜ ์ž์‹์ด ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•œํŽธ 2001๋…„์— Aํ˜• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€ Oํ˜• ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ABํ˜• ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 2015๋…„ 10์›”, Bํ˜• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€ Bํ˜• ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ Bํ˜•๋„, Oํ˜•๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ ABํ˜• ๋”ธ์ด ๋‚˜์™”๋˜ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ Cis-ABํ˜•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๊ฑด ๋ฌธ์„œ ์ฐธ์กฐ. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ Cis-ABํ˜•์€ ํฌ๊ท€ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค.

์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์•ฝ 6%๊ฐ€ ์ด ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์ด๋‹ค. Rh+์™€ Rh-๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด Rh+๊ฐ€ 5%, Rh-์ด 1%๋‹ค.

2. ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ[ํŽธ์ง‘]


ะะ’ํ˜• ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์€ Aํ˜•๊ณผ Bํ˜•, Oํ˜•์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ ์ด๋ก ์ƒ ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰๋งŒ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒ์‹์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜• ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „ํ˜ˆ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ์€ ๋น„์ƒ์‹œ์—, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰[1]์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. 1ํšŒ์šฉ ์ข…์ด์ปต ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์•ฝ 190mL์ด๊ณ , ์ „ํ˜ˆ๊ธฐ์ค€ ํ—Œํ˜ˆํŒฉ ํ•œ ํŒฉ์ด ๋ณดํ†ต 400mL[2]์ด๋‹ˆ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜• ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์ด ์—†๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ABํ˜•์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์•ก์— ํ•ญ์›์ด ์—†๊ณ  ํ˜ˆ์žฅ์— ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” Oํ˜•์— ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜ˆ์žฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆํ• ๋•Œ๋Š” Aํ˜•, Bํ˜•, Oํ˜•, ABํ˜• ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธด๊ธ‰์ƒํ™ฉ์‹œ ABํ˜•์˜ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ์ด ์šฐ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ๋Š” ์‘๊ธ‰์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‘์ง‘์ด๋‚˜ ์šฉํ˜ˆ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ์ ์€ Oํ˜• ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์ œ์ œ, ABํ˜• ํ˜ˆ์žฅ๊ณผ ํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ์ œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•ด ๋†“๋Š”๋‹ค.

3. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„ ABํ˜• ๋น„์ค‘ ๋ชฉ๋ก[ํŽธ์ง‘]


์•„์‹œ์•„์— ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ธ Aํ˜•๊ณผ Bํ˜•์ด ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๋‹ˆ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธด ํ•ด๋„ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ AA์™€ BB๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ด์ƒ ABํ˜•์ด ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ์ตœ๋Œ€ 50%์ด๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ AA์™€ BB๋ผ๋ฉด ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์ƒ ์ž๋…€์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•กํ˜•์€ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ABํ˜•์ด๋‹ค. AAํ˜•ร—BBํ˜•=ABํ˜•[3]

์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„/๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„ ABํ˜• ๋น„์ค‘
๊ตญ๊ฐ€
๋น„์œจ
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13%
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11%
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10%
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9.97%
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9.78%
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9.42%
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9.41%
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9%
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8.31%
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8.19%
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8.17%
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8.04%
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8.03%
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8%
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[1] 200mL ์ดํ•˜.[2] ๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ „ํ˜ˆ 1ํšŒ ํ—Œํ˜ˆ์‹œ 320mL๋งŒ ๋ฝ‘๋Š”๋‹ค.[3] AAํ˜• ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—์„œ A๋ฅผ, BBํ˜• ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—์„œ B๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์˜ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ.